Buddhist Winter Holiday Decorations
Buddhist winter holiday decorations represent in visual form what the world and universe looked like when Shakyamuni Buddha realized enlightenment. These decorations also are derived from descriptions of various Pure Lands presided over by a celestial or transcendental Buddha such as Amitabha (Amida), which are again, from our tradition’s point of view, representations of Nirvana or enlightenment. As we adapt Buddhism to a western culture, Rev. Master Jiyu-Kennett, the founder of our Order, was innovative and creative in drawing freely from Christian and pre-Christian northern European (pagan) symbols and customs to allow our Buddhist winter holidays to fit into the surrounding culture.
Buddha’s enlightenment is traditionally observed in northern Buddhism (China, Japan, Korea) on December 8th. Temples of our Order often schedule the public celebration of the holiday on December 25th or on a December Sunday convenient for the laity. Gifts representing the Dharma and other offerings of love and gratitude are appropriate.
Jewel Trees
Jewel trees represent the Bodhi-tree, the beautiful Indian fig tree with shimmering heart-shaped leaves under which the Buddha realized enlightenment. Any sort of tree will do—Throssel Hole Buddhist Abbey in England uses an artificial tree resembling the original Bo tree. Pine trees in the East, and by extension other conifers, are considered to symbolize the Eternal, since they are ever-green, that is, not changing with the seasons.
These trees are described in the Scriptures as “bejeweled, heavy with blossoms and fruit,” strung with garlands and nets of flowers, jewels, and bells, all of which radiate and reflect light. Most of our traditional Christmas tree ornaments can be seen to have Buddhist meaning:
Jewels
Jewels are precious and beautiful. In ancient times there were seven gems especially valued: gold, silver, lapis lazuli, crystal, agate, ruby or pearl, and carnelian.1 Jewel-like ornaments can represent the Three Treasures, the Teaching or a portion thereof, or the wish-fulfilling jewel (often a pearl), the Buddha Nature within each of us which can satisfy the Heart’s deepest longing.
Flowers
Flowers seem to be a favorite, almost universal offering, pleasing to see in beauty, form, texture, color and scent. A full blossom often represents enlightenment. Various flowers have specific meanings in Buddhism, such as the lotus, representing the path of training, and the plum blossom, symbolizing the Zen transmission.
Fruit
Fruit, being the product of the flower, can represent the results of training and the deeds of merit we practice on the Bodhisattva path, such as charity, benevolence, tenderness and sympathy. They are nourishing and sweet. The Healing Buddha Bhaisajyaguru often holds in His hand a piece of fruit, representing the medicine of meditation or the Dharma.
Lights
All of the above, as well the Buddha Himself and everything around Him, emanated and reflected light, the true nature of the universe. Also, the moment of Shakyamuni’s enlightenment occurred when He saw the morning star rising in the eastern sky.
Bells and Drums
Jewel trees are sometimes described hung with bells which tinkle musically in the air. Devas (heavenly beings) and celestial musicians beat drums and make other “pleasing music”. Sometimes the trees themselves mysteriously produce music. All of these can represent the sound or voice of the Dharma.
Garlands and Nets
All of the ornaments above frequently hang from garlands and nets, which together with chains, tassels, and banners often drape the jewel trees.
Other traditional Ornaments
With a bit of imagination, other traditional ornaments may be “converted” for use on a Buddhist jewel tree: angels become devas and celestial musicians; birds approximate dragons and garudas, or become another source for the beautiful music; snowflakes remind us of impermanence.
Other Buddhist symbols
There are also many other Buddhist symbols which lend themselves to being fashioned into ornaments: the Wheel of the Dharma (Dharmachakra), a conch shell (representing the Voice of the Eternal), the knot of Eternity (representing the everlasting love of the Eternal), and other of the “eight auspicious symbols” used to venerate the Buddha.2 Stupas of various sorts and designs can represent different traditions and cultures. Animals with specific symbolism such as lions, elephants, and dragons may be used, as well as other animals from the Jataka tales with special significance for you and your training. Lastly, ornaments in which one places a photo work well for favorite Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Arahants, your master or teacher, or members of your family or loved ones. Use what works best for you and your family and friends.
Scriptural references for “jewel trees” and adornments: From the opening of The Avatamsaka (Flower Garland) Sutra, one of the traditional Scriptures of the Serene Reflection Meditation (Soto Zen) tradition:
Thus have I heard. At one time the Buddha was [residing] in the land of Magadha, in a state of purity, at the site of enlightenment, having just realized true awareness. The ground was solid and firm, made of diamond, adorned with exquisite jewel discs and myriad precious flowers, with pure clear crystals…There were banners of precious stones, constantly emitting shining light and producing beautiful sounds. Nets of myriad gems and garlands of exquisitely scented flowers hung all around. The finest jewels appeared spontaneously, raining inexhaustible quantities of gems and beautiful flowers all over the earth. There were rows of jewel trees, their branches and foliage lustrous and luxuriant.
The tree of enlightenment was tall and outstanding. Its trunk was diamond, its main boughs were lapis lazuli, its branches and twigs were of various precious elements. The leaves, spreading in all directions, provided shade, like clouds. The precious blossoms were of various colors, the branching twigs spread out their shadows. Also the fruits were jewels containing a blazing radiance. They were together with the flowers in great arrays. The entire circumference of the tree emanated light; within the light there rained precious stones, and within each gem were enlightening beings [Bodhisattvas], in great hosts like clouds, simultaneously appearing….The tree of enlightenment constantly gave forth sublime sounds speaking various truths without end.3
From The Scripture on the Immeasurable Life of the Tathagata, a chapter of The Lotus Sutra:
Tranquil will this realm [Pure Land] of Mine be, ever filled with devas and humans in parks and groves, amongst towers and palaces bedecked with gems of every kind. Under bejeweled trees, heavy with blossoms and fruit, may these beings take their delight and play, whilst devas beat their heavenly drums, ever making pleasing music, and showering down coral tree flowers upon the Buddha and His great assembly.4
References:
1 The Threefold Lotus Sutra, Kato/Underhill trans. (Tokyo: Kosei Publishing, 1975), Glossary, “precious seven,” p. 379.
2 The eight symbols are fish, parasol, conch shell, lotus blossom, victory banner, sacred water vase, Dharma wheel, and knot of eternity. See The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, Fischer-Schreiber, etal, trans. by Michael Kohn (Boston: Shambhala, 1991), p. 62.
3 The Flower Ornament Scripture, Volume 1, trans. Thomas Cleary (Boulder: Shambhala, 1984), p. 55.
4 Buddhist Writings on Meditation and Daily Practice: The Serene Reflection Meditation Tradition, trans. Rev. Hubert Nearman, eds. Rev. Master P.T.N.H. Jiyu-Kennett and Rev. Daizui MacPhillamy (Mount. Shasta, California: Shasta Abbey Press, 1994), p. 36.